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EL PASO COUNTY |
Black ForestBLACK FOREST SCHOOL Constructed in 1921, the building is a late example of a log rural schoolhouse. A controversial school consolidation decision closed the school in 1945. Listed under Rural School Buildings in Colorado Multiple Property Submission. J.G. EVANS BARN 
Built circa 1880, the J.G. Evans Barn is one of the last remaining
barns from the earliest period of settlement and development in
the Black Forest area. Typical of a Midwest three portal barn with
its hand hewn logs, three bays, and broken gable roof, the building
retains original materials, feed bins and stalls, and a tin-lined
grain room. Many of these barns once dotted the landscape across
El Paso County; residential growth and a shift away from agricultural
practices has resulted in a loss of many farm buildings. The Evans
Barn stands as a link to the county’s rural past and the homestead
era. CalhanCALHAN PAINT MINES ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISTRICT The district provides an opportunity to understand how prehistoric peoples processed and transported clays for ceramic production. Predominantly open plains with some areas of colorful clay deposits capped by white sandstone, this archaeological landscape also has the potential to provide a better understanding of subsistence practices, specifically addressing questions of faunal procurement and processing over a span of 10,000 years, from at least 8100 BC through AD 1750. CALHAN ROCK ISLAND RAILROAD DEPOT The 1906 depot served the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad on its route between Kansas and Colorado Springs. It is one of only three surviving depots of the Rock Island Railroad in Colorado remaining on their original sites. The Rock Island slipped into bankruptcy in the early 1970s, and in 1993 94 the rails were pulled up and sold for scrap. The property is associated with the Railroads in Colorado, 1858-1948 Multiple Property Submission. CascadeEASTHOLME Eliza Marriott Hewlett, an early settler who served as the secretary of the Cascade Town and Improvement Company, built and operated the two-story wood frame boarding house. In operation by 1887, it was a precursor of the larger resort hotels that later dominated the Ute Pass area. It is the only surviving building representing the early railroad period of Cascade’s commercial development as a summer resort for the wealthy. HOLY ROSARY CHAPEL The Chapel is architecturally significant as the work of Colorado Springs architect, Charles E. Thomas. Incorporating elements of Mission and Romanesque Revival, Thomas considered this 1930 building to be one of his most outstanding works. Colorado SpringsALAMO HOTEL Opened for business in 1886, additions were constructed in 1890 and 1899. The hotel was important to tourism until converted to apartments in 1968. The exterior reflects Moorish and Classical influences, but the building is primarily Federalist in style. ALL SOULS UNITARIAN CHURCH 
The 1892 church building is an interesting local expression of the
Shingle Style with its wood shingled walls, long sloping gabled roofs
and windows grouped into pairs and fours. Undulating or wavy pattern wood
shingles, another characteristic of this style, can be seen in the apex
of the gables. Other decorative features include paneled vergeboard, eyebrow
dormers, and stained glass windows. The raised foundation walls are
reddish-greenish sandstone quarried west of Manitou Springs. The tall
square tower and its bellcast roof with flared eaves are incorporated
into the intersection of two major gables and rises out of the roof rather
than from the ground. Walter F. Douglas designed the building, based on a
standard plan used by Unitarians in the East. A 1984 addition with lower
walls of stucco instead of stone incorporated many of these characteristic
elements. (Photograph 2007) ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE DEPOT Chicago Architect E.A. Harrison designed the circa 1917 Jacobethan Revival style railroad depot. The building once contained one of the famous Harvey House restaurants that provided meals to passengers across the AT&SF system. The railroad abandoned the depot in the early 1970s. Developers purchased the building in the 1980s and rehabilitated it into a complex of stores and offices. The property is associated with the Railroads in Colorado, 1858-1948 Multiple Property Submission. BEMIS HALL Constructed in 1908 as a women’s dormitory and dining hall, the building served as a focus of campus social life for women and reflects the early 20th century design philosophies for women’s dormitories. The building is also important as an example of architect Maurice Biscoe’s application of the Tudor Revival style to collegiate facilities. Listed under Historic Resources of Colorado College Multiple Property Submission. BEMIS HOUSE / HEARTHSTONE INN Located in a neighborhood of substantial homes, the 1885 Queen Anne style Bemis House was designed by architect W.F. Ellis. Additions were made in 1886 and 1887, and the property was converted to apartments in 1935. BOULDER CRESCENT PLACE HISTORIC DISTRICT The district contains an important collection of turn-of-the-century wood frame houses the styling of which includes local versions of Queen Anne and Dutch Colonial Revival. Construction dates range from 1894 to 1901, a period during which Colorado Springs grew rapidly as people moved into the Pikes Peak region for their health and to enjoy the natural scenic beauty. BURGESS HOUSE Completed in 1888, this large Queen Anne style "pattern book" residence was built by Charles H. Burgess, an affluent citizen of Colorado Springs. It is one of the few survivors in its neighborhood dating from the first wave of development in Colorado Springs. CARLTON HOUSE The large, rambling residence was designed by San Diego architect Richard S. Requa. It remains virtually intact as an excellent example of the Spanish Colonial Revival style. The property includes a total of nine buildings constructed between 1930 and 1937. CHADBOURN SPANISH GOSPEL MISSION The Chadbourn Spanish Gospel Mission is the sole remaining building of a
now demolished Hispanic immigrant neighborhood known as the Conejos District.
In the early twentieth century many Mexican laborers made the Conejos District
their home due to its location near the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad switchyard.
During this period, the Mission became an integral part of the neighborhood, not only
as a religious institution, but also as a community hub, educational center, and refuge
for those in need. The Mission is also significant for its architecture. The building
began as a modest neighborhood grocery store, but was later renovated to resemble a
traditional Spanish Mission. Through this renovation, the building became an excellent
example of the Mission Revival
style as applied to non-secular architecture in Colorado Springs. The building’s
Mission Revival style is exemplified in its square bell tower, curvilinear parapets,
overhanging eaves, exposed rafter tails, arches, and stucco finish. (2007 photograph) CHAMBERS RANCH / WHITE HOUSE (Rock Ledge Ranch) After Robert and Elsie Chambers arrived in the Colorado Springs area in 1874, they bought a parcel of land on the wagon road to Denver. Their small vernacular stone farmhouse was stuccoed by later owners. Also on the property is the circa 1900 Orchard House, a Mission style residence with elements of the Western Stick and Spanish Colonial Revival. CITY HALL OF COLORADO CITY Built in 1888, the building exemplifies the Richardsonian Romanesque style. Although only serving municipal needs for a short time, it has continued to be a local visual landmark. CLAREMONT / TRIANON (The Colorado Springs School) The 1906 Claremont, also knows at the Trianon, was built for Charles and Virginia Baldwin. The wealthy couple came to Colorado Springs from New York for health reasons. They hired local architect Thomas MacLaren to create a spacious residence deliberately scaled down from the Grand Trianon at Versailles. MacLaren traveled to France as part of the design process. COLORADO SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF AND THE BLIND Established on this site in 1876, the school is significant for being the only school in the state dedicated solely to the education of the deaf and the blind. Ten campus buildings, constructed between 1906 and 1952 of Castle Rock rhyolite, exhibit a high degree of craftsmanship and design reflecting an eclectic mix of architectural styles. COLORADO SPRINGS & CRIPPLE CREEK DISTRICT RAILWAY / CORLEY
MOUNTAIN HIGHWAY Constructed in 1900, the route began as the Colorado Springs & Cripple Creek District Railway. Colorado Springs coal mine owner and cattle breeder W.D. Corley converted the abandoned rail line during the early 1920s into an auto toll road known as the Corley Mountain Highway. Referred to as the Gold Camp Road since it was taken over by the U.S. Forest Service in 1939, this scenic route extends into Teller County. The historic origins of the rail line and the toll road are evident along the route, and it continues to be a popular attraction for local residents and tourists. COLORADO SPRINGS CITY AUDITORIUM This 1922 building represents the culmination of the city’s efforts to create a large, multi-purpose meeting and entertainment facility. A collaborative effort by three of Colorado Springs’ most prominent and prolific architects: Charles E. Thomas, Thomas MacLaren, and Thomas D. Hetherington, the auditorium is the last of the classically-inspired civic buildings constructed in the city. COLORADO SPRINGS CITY HALL 
The imposing two-story building served as the center of Colorado Springs government and administration from its construction in 1904 until 1980. An important example of the Classical Revival style, reflecting the influence of the City Beautiful movement in Colorado Springs, it is the only known collaborative effort by prominent local architects Thomas MacLaren and Thomas P. Barber. The building is noted for the quality of its stone masonry, utilizing Bare granite from Chaffee County and for its significant interior elements, including scagliola wall treatment. COLORADO SPRINGS DAY NURSERY The three-story building, constructed in 1922, was designed by William White Stickney for Mrs. F.M.P. Tylor, an important community benefactor. Its Tudor style exterior and interior remain intact. COLORADO SPRINGS FINE ARTS CENTER The Center, built in 1936, was designed by John Gaw Meem. Its design is a blend of the regional Santa Fe style and modernism. The founder of the Fine Arts Center was Alice Bemis Taylor, an important local philanthropist. COLORADO SPRINGS & INTERURBAN CAR NO. 59 This fine early 20th century example of the car builders’ art was purchased in 1901 during Winfield Stratton’s short but dynamic ownership of the interurban railway company. The car operated between Colorado Springs, Colorado City, and Manitou Springs. COLORADO SPRINGS POST OFFICE & FEDERAL COURTHOUSE Constructed between 1908-1910, the Renaissance Revival/Beaux-Arts style building is a combined post office and federal building. Built during James Know Taylor’s tenure as Supervising Architect, it is a good example of the application of the style to government buildings. Listed under U.S. Post Offices in Colorado Thematic Resource. COLORADO SPRINGS PUBLIC LIBRARY/CARNEGIE BUILDING This 1905 Neo-Classical brick building, with terra cotta trim, is an excellent local example of the architecture associated with the City Beautiful Movement. The building is also significant for its association with the efforts of the community to establish a public library and with the nationwide public library movement funded by Andrew Carnegie. COSSITT MEMORIAL HALL Completed in 1914, the building, with its gymnasium, training and locker rooms, and no longer extant outdoor amphitheater, led to the adoption of a 3-year physical education requirement for graduation. Designed by Maurice Biscoe, it is the only representation of Neoclassicism on the campus and is notable for its Modernistic elements. Listed under Historic Resources of Colorado College Multiple Property Submission. COTTONWOOD CREEK BRIDGE 
Completed in 1923, this cantilevered, concrete deck, girder bridge was an integral part of the North-South Highway, a main artery through Colorado during the early decades of the 20th century. Comprised of four 53-foot spans, it is one of four remaining concrete girder bridges the highway department designed and built in the 1920s employing cantilevering to achieve long span lengths, thus distinguishing it from the scores of concrete slab and beam bridges constructed during this period. The bridge’s design incorporated hammered concrete treatment on the spandrels and cast concrete balusters forming the guardrails. CUTLER HALL Designed in the High Victorian Gothic style, by the Boston architectural firm of Peabody and Sterns, Cutler Hall was constructed between 1877 and 1880, with flanking wings added during 1881-1882. The building sits on the original parcel of land donated to the college by Major Henry McAlister, a director of the Colorado Springs Company. Listed under Colorado College Thematic Resource. DE GRAFF BUILDING The four story masonry building is located in the heart of the central business district. Constructed in 1897 by Barber and Hastings, it is one of the few remaining commercial buildings dating from the boom period following the Cripple Creek gold strike. DENVER & RIO GRANDE WESTERN BOXCAR NO. 60294 The 1939 Denver & Rio Grande Western (D&RGW) Boxcar No. 60294 is
a rare example of railroad rolling stock designed specifically to transport
automobiles. From 1941 to 1954 this boxcar was outfitted with special devices
that allowed the shipping of automobiles. It was then adapted to general
purpose cargo (moving auto parts and appliances) with other damage prevention
devices, such as the Evans “Damage Free” or “DF” loaders.
The car remained in automobile service until 1954. DICK-TRAPP HOUSE The circa 1907 house is as an excellent example of the Classic Cottage
residential type in Colorado Springs. It embodies the distinctive characteristics
of this building type: an elongated hipped roof, a full-width front porch,
classical column porch supports, a central hipped roof dormer, and windows with
architrave lintel trim. Other notable features include a side elevation bay window,
leaded glass transom windows, narrow lap siding and a stone foundation.
(Photograph 2006) EDGEPLAIN 
Located on the campus of Colorado College, Edgeplain is associated with
Chester Alan Arthur II, who owned the house between 1901 and 1922. The son
of President Arthur, Alan and his wife purchased the house, remodeling and
expanding it to accommodate their extensive calendar of dinners and parties.
Alan became deeply involved in the social life of the Pikes Peak region and
Edgeplain became one of the outstanding meeting places of the social leaders
from Colorado Springs and Denver. The house is an example of the work of
prominent Colorado Springs architects Walter Douglas and Thompson Hetherington.
While not the original designers of the 1881 home, the firm was responsible for
its substantial expansion and alteration. The walls consist of multi-hued sandstone
blocks of varying widths and height laid in random work with tinted mortar.
Indicative of the work of master stonemasons, the stone displays a variety of
dressings (including pecked and vermiculated). The combination of colors and
finishes is an unusual and distinguishing characteristic. EL PASO COUNTY COURTHOUSE (Pioneers Museum) This imposing gray granite and ornamental concrete block building served as the center of El Paso County government and administration from its completion in 1903 until 1973. Designed by local architect August J. Smith in the Second Renaissance Revival style, the building exhibits distinct horizontal divisions with each floor possessing different window sizes, shapes and surrounds. An ornate domed clock tower rises above the building, which was reopened in 1979 as the permanent home of the Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum. EL POMAR ESTATE El Pomar was the home of Spencer Penrose, a prominent Colorado Springs citizen, who used his mining fortune to establish such enterprises as the Broadmoor Hotel. It is architecturally significant as an example of the Mission Revival style. The design of the buildings and related landscaping evolved from 1910 through the 1916-1939 period when Penrose owned the property. The estate represents the cumulative work of architects Horace Trumbauer, Charles Thomas, Thomas MacLaren, and the Olmsted Brothers. EMMANUEL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH This vernacular church was built in 1903 using local stone and wood. Although there is little distinguishing ornamentation, the building dominates its site and serves as a visual landmark on the west side of Colorado Springs. EVERGREEN CEMETERY As the oldest operating cemetery in Colorado Springs, Evergreen is significant for its association with the social history of the area during the city’s early development. Established in 1871, the 220 acre site was donated in part by the founder of Colorado Springs, General William Jackson Palmer who is interred there. F. C. AUSTIN MANUFACTURING COMPANY SPRINKLER WAGON The circa 1900 sprinkler wagon was an important aspect of city road maintenance, utilized to keep the dust down on the unpaved streets of Colorado Springs. Sprinkler wagons were the primary weapon in the war against dust, which was believed to transmit the deadly disease tuberculosis. Colorado Springs, a mecca for consumptives, could ill afford to have a reputation for dust. The wagon is a rare surviving example of this type of road maintenance vehicle and it is believed to be the only one in the state manufactured by the F. C. Austin Manufacturing Company. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF COLORDO CITY (Old Colorado City History Center) The 1890 church is architecturally significant as an early design by Walter F. Douglas, a locally prominent architect. It is the last remaining, intact example of several churches that were constructed in Colorado City during the early 1890s. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH  As one of the best examples of the Richardsonian Romanesque style in Colorado Springs, the 1889 building reflects the style in its broad roof planes, square tower crowned with a pyramidal roof, monumental massing, and rock-faced masonry. Designed by Henry Rutgers Marshall, a prominent eastern architect, high artistic values and skilled craftsmanship are reflected in the variety of stained glass windows, immense stone columns with picked finish, interior trussed ceiling, and ornate lantern tower. Founded in 1874, the early history of the congregation was closely associated with the development of Colorado College. FIRST LUTHERAN CHURCH The First Lutheran Church is an 1895 building with a 1928 Romanesque Revival addition by prominent Colorado Springs architect, Charles E. Thomas. GIDDINGS BUILDING At the time of its construction in 1898, this four-story brick building, with rounded arched windows and brick corbelling, was the tallest building in the city. It housed the largest department store in town and remained pre-eminent well into the 1960s. The Giddings family, prominent members in the community, maintained control of the business until 1950. GLEN EYRIE By 1901, what began as a modest clapboard home in 1871 had evolved into the sixty-five room "castle" belonging to William Jackson Palmer, railroad magnate and founder of Colorado Springs. Frederick J. Sterner served as the architect. The property is located in a narrow canyon just north of the geological formation known as the Garden of the Gods. GWYNNE-LOVE HOUSE An imposing Victorian era dwelling, its design combines Queen Anne forms with the English detailing that was popular locally when it was built in 1886. Designed by Willard B. Perkins for Edmiston Gwynne, in 1914 the Love family from Indianapolis purchased the house. The residence survives as one of approximately a dozen large, intact historic homes in the center of the city. HAGERMAN MANSION James John Hagerman built this three-story Victorian mansion in 1885. In 1927, it was converted into luxury apartments. The original house was constructed of pink, rock-faced sandstone, and later sympathetic additions enhanced the architectural value of the whole. HERSCHELL IDEAL TWO-ABREAST CAROUSEL (Cheyenne Mountain Zoo Carousel) This circa 1925, two-abreast, half-and-half, carousel was manufactured by the Allan Herschell Company and arrived at the zoo in 1937. It is an example of the county fair style carousel--a simple, hard-working, portable machine. The horses, constructed of carved wooden heads and bodies with aluminum legs, are an early example of the impending shift in carousel figure manufacturing away from carved wood to cast aluminum. JACKSON HOUSE The 1900 Jackson House is associated with the development of the residential neighborhood directly east of Colorado College, an area of wealthy city residents who would became benefactors of the college. The building was donated to Colorado College in 1914 and became its administration building, later serving as a dormitory. During World War II, the college was the site of a Navy-Marine training unit, and the Jackson House was one of the facilities converted to meet Navy housing requirements. LENNOX HOUSE Constructed in 1900 for a prominent businessman, the house became part of the Colorado College campus in 1936. It is associated with the development of north Colorado Springs and subsequently played a significant role in the college’s history, serving as the Student Union from 1937 to 1959. The building is a good example of the Mission Revival style and is the work of prominent Denver architect Frederick J. Sterner. Listed under Historic Resources of Colorado College Multiple Property Submission. LOWELL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL The result of an ambitious ten-year community school building program, this impressive 1891 structure, with its 1902 addition, employs an unusual expression of the Romanesque Revival style. MAYTAG AIRCRAFT BUILDING 
Described as a “tidy form-meets-function design” and a “little masterpiece of
local modernity,” the building, designed by local architects Dietz Lusk and
James Wallace, is an important example of Modernism in Colorado Springs. The
building is distinguished by its folded plate roof, cantilevered walls of
glazed turquoise brick, and an integral exterior courtyard. Constructed in
1957 as offices for a specialized aircraft business, the exposed aluminum
trusses in the roof system were designed to imitate aircraft wings. Only a
handful of office buildings were built in downtown Colorado Springs during
the early post-World War II era, and the Maytag building stands out not only
for its unusual design, but also because of its cutting-edge materials.
(2005 photograph) McALLISTER HOUSE Major Henry McAllister, close associate of William J. Palmer, hired Philadelphia architect George Sommers to design and build this large red brick residence during 1873-1874. The property is open to the public as a museum. McGREGOR HALL Built in 1903, the Tudor Revival style building, designed by the architectural firm of Douglas and Hetherington, is notable for its Colorado Springs red sandstone construction. It was the college’s third dormitory for women and reflects the increasing number of female students at the college during the early 20th century. The building also housed the first women’s athletic facility on the campus and was the location of the women’s physical education department after its completion. Listed under Historic Resources of Colorado College Multiple Property Submission. CLARK MELLEN APARTMENTS Built in 1902 for Clark Mellen, the one-story Terrace style building helped meet the housing needs of working families. Apartments of this type provided affordable housing for those flocking to Colorado Springs in the early twentieth century and were profitable for the landlord. MIDLAND TERMINAL RAILROAD ROUNDHOUSE (Van Briggle Art Pottery) The Colorado Midland Railroad constructed the stone fourteen-stall roundhouse in 1889 for the maintenance of its steam locomotives. The facility served the railroad until the abandonment of the successor Midland Terminal line in 1949. Once common along railroad rights-of-way, surviving roundhouses are extremely rare in Colorado. Listed under Railroads in Colorado, 1858-1948 Multiple Property Submission. MONTGOMERY HALL Constructed in 1891, as one of the original buildings on the Colorado College campus, the design by Colorado Springs architect Walter F. Douglas has a distinctive English feel. The property is associated with the Historic Resources of Colorado College Thematic Resource. MONUMENT VALLEY PARK 
This two-mile long ribbon of public park land green is the most significant component of the open spaces donated by city founder William Jackson Palmer that formed the nucleus of the public park system. Palmer envisioned its creation, acquired the land, provided direction for its development, and paid the immense cost of its initial improvement. He selected the original landscape architect and worked closely with the engineer to insure that the design and plantings proceeded according his exacting specifications. Monument Valley Park is considered the most significant of Palmer’s park donations, and it was the most extensively planned and improved. It most represents his philosophies of park use and development, including an emphasis on preserving and utilizing existing topography, enframing scenic views, employing native materials and vegetation, and most notably excluding motorized vehicles. Creation of this park was one of the largest local employment projects in the city during 1904-07. The park has served as a place of quiet contemplation as well as for active recreation. 
The park exhibits the work of landscape architects and planners Charles W.
Leavitt, Jr. and Charles Mulford Robinson, as well as that of engineer Edmond C.
van Diest. Architecturally, the Rustic style is displayed in early 20th-century
park resources and translated by the WPA in the 1930s into a number of native
stone park features (such as bridges, ditches, seating areas, retaining walls,
entrances, monuments and overlooks). Following the 1935 Memorial Day flood,
the Works Progress Administration focused major efforts on the park. Flood
debris cleanup, creek re-channeling, building and structure restoration,
and the erection of new monuments and structures, all provided a major
source of local employment during the Great Depression. NAVAJO HOGAN Built in 1935 to house a bar and restaurant, the one-story polygonal building, topped with a massive neon sign, is a good example of 1930s roadside architecture. NORTH END HISTORIC DISTRICT The North End neighborhood contains the finest collection of turn-of-the-century residential architecture in Colorado Springs. Represented are popular styles of the period, including Georgian Revival, Mission, Spanish Colonial Revival, and Bungaloid. With few intrusions, the district maintains the feeling and ambience of a bygone era. NORTH WEBER STREET-WAHSATCH AVENUE RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT This district is significant as an intact middle-class neighborhood dating from the late 19th and early 20th century. Its design and setting reflect the early planning principles and philosophies that guided the initial development of the community. OLD COLORADO CITY HISTORIC COMMERCIAL DISTRICT Located on the west side of what is now Colorado Springs, Colorado City, the first permanent settlement in the Pike’s Peak region, was formally organized on August 13, 1859. It served for a time as the Territorial capital and was annexed by Colorado Springs in 1917. Examples of the Queen Anne, Italianate, and Romanesque Revival can be found among the 27 properties within the district. ORIGINAL COLORADO SPRINGS MUNICIPAL AIRPORT
(Peterson Air & Space Museum) The airport is associated with the pioneering era of commercial air travel and the circa 1926 development of airmail service in Colorado. Buildings within the district illustrate the architecture, physical layout, and internal organization of 1920s and 1930s airports. Architectural styles represented include Spanish Colonial Revival, Art Moderne, and Art Deco. The facility now serves as an aviation museum with a mission to preserve and portray the aviation and space history of Colorado Springs and Peterson Air Force Base. PALMER HALL Constructed in 1904, Palmer Hall is located on the eastern portion of the campus where it dominates the north edge of a large open square. Designed by Andrews, Jacques, and Rantoul of Boston in the Romanesque Revival style, it is a massive two-story building of rock-faced, peachblow sandstone. Listed under Historic Resources of Colorado College Thematic Resource. PAULINE CHAPEL 
Designed by the prominent Colorado Springs architectural firm of MacLaren and Hetherington, the 1918 chapel is an important example of the Spanish Colonial Revival style, which is not well represented in Colorado. While the architectural partnership designed several Mission style buildings, the chapel appears to be the firm’s only foray into the more ornate Spanish Colonial Revival style. Pauline Chapel was built under the direct supervision of local philanthropist Julie Penrose, who remained connected to the chapel for the rest of her life, collecting many of the beautiful art and antiques that fill the chapel. The 1925 Mission-inspired rectory and garage complement the chapel. PIKES PEAK First observed by Zebulon Montgomery Pike in 1806, Pike’s Peak has become one of the best known and most visited mountains in the United States. Exploited for timber during the Cripple Creek mining days, efforts of the U.S. Forest Service during the 1920s and 1930s helped to reforest the mountainside. It is one of over 30 Colorado mountains exceeding 14,000 feet in elevation. A road and cog railway run to the top, and modern facilities accommodate the many tourists. PIONEER CABIN Built by William Alexander Burgess between 1871 and 1877, the cabin is one of the oldest standing structures in the Douglas Valley. It survives as a good local representative of the heritage of the early pioneers. PLAZA HOTEL Built in 1901, the hotel is a four story, H-plan structure of cream colored pressed brick. It is Renaissance Revival in its overall massing, while Spanish influences are evident in its detailing. Listed under Colorado College Thematic Resource. PONDEROSA LODGE 
The Lodge is an excellent representation of the master craftsmanship of
prominent Denver architect Jules Jacques Benois Benedict. Designed in his
“Colorado Alpine” or Rustic style,
the 1928 building originally
served as the summer home of Alice Bemis Taylor. The planning of large urban
and mountain residences constituted the major source of commissions for Benedict
throughout his career. His mountain homes represent a blending of the formality
he displayed in his urban residences combined with his extensive work in the
Denver Mountain Parks. Known for his attention to detail, Benedict’s mountain
homes and lodges employed native construction material and displayed the finest
craftsmanship. Ponderosa Lodge utilized ponderosa pine lumber cut from the western
slope of Pike’s Peak. The lighting fixtures and fireplace screens throughout the
Lodge were constructed of custom hammered iron featuring various western and nature
motifs. The elaborate fireplace and outstanding staircase in the main hall form
signature elements of Benedict’s design. The property is associated with the
Architecture of Jules Jacques Benois Benedict in Colorado Multiple Property
Submission. (2008 photograph) REYNOLDS RANCH The well-preserved 1894 farmhouse, with its noteworthy gable trim, is a good example of a Queen Anne in a rural setting. The architecturally significant complex of buildings represents a typical farmstead and is one of just a handful of farmsteads remaining in northern El Paso County. IDA M. RICE HOUSE 
The Rice House is one of the finest examples of Colonial Revival design
in Colorado Springs. The style is reflected in the rectangular massing,
symmetrical facade, side-gabled roof, vertically aligned windows, and a
central front door accentuated with sidelights, columns and an arched pediment.
Georgian influences are seen in the decorative moldings of the cornice,
the pedimented dormers, and the pilasters and elaborate entablature around
the entrance. The 1927 house is brick, while most of the Colonial Revival
residences erected in the city during this period were frame. The Rice House
represents the movement toward historically correct proportions and detailing.
The design represents the work of master architect Thomas P. Barber. No other
Colonial Revival style residences have been attributed to Barber, and this is
his last documented work in Colorado. RIO GRANDE ENGINE NO. 168 After fifty years of continuous operation, Engine 168, the oldest surviving locomotive of the Denver and Rio Grande Railway, was donated to the city, partly in memory of William Jackson Palmer, founder of Colorado Springs and the Denver and Rio Grande Railway. SECOND MIDLAND SCHOOL / OLD MIDLAND SCHOOL The 1902 three-story building, of red sandstone and brick, reflects the height, massing, and classical architectural elements typical of turn of the century urban schools. SHOVE MEMORIAL CHAPEL 
Erected in 1930-31, the chapel has been described as “one of the foremost
examples of Norman Romanesque architecture in America.” Inspired by historic
churches in England and Normandy, this original composition includes traditional
components of Romanesque churches, including monumental size, masonry walls,
limited exterior ornamentation, semi-circular arches, wall arcades, and a substantial
tower. The chapel was the first major building architect John Gray designed after
establishing his own practice, and it is regarded as his most important work. His
all-encompassing design ranged from the planning of the door hinges to the creation
of the print on the memorial tablets. Despite the Depression, the donor and architect
were of one mind to create a building that combined the finest materials, artistry,
and craftsmanship. Gray utilized artists and craftsmen from around the country to
complete his carefully planned, meticulously detailed design. The stonework of the
walls
SHRINE OF THE SUN (Will Rogers Shrine) Designed as the burial site for Spencer and Julie Penrose, the 100-foot high tower has been a local landmark since its construction in 1937. Colorado Springs architect Charles E. Thomas incorporated native materials into the Romanesque Revival structure, including locally quarried granite. The interior walls are adorned with murals by Randall Davey depicting the evolution of the Pikes Peak region. ST. MARY’S CATHOLIC CHURCH The construction of the church spanned the decade from 1891 to 1902. Designed by the Colorado Springs architectural firm of Pease and Barber, elements of Neo-Gothic design were used in conjunction with modern materials to meet contemporary needs STOCKBRIDGE HOUSE (Amarillo Motel) Completed in 1891, architect Walter F. Douglas designed the Richardsonian Romanesque style building to be fire-proof. The brick and stone walls are eighteen inches thick. The site is the former location of the first building constructed in Colorado City. TAYLOR MEMORIAL CHAPEL The 1929 Pueblo style building was designed by noted southwestern architect John Gaw Meem, for prominent Colorado Springs resident Alice Bemis Taylor, as a memorial to her husband. Its walled courtyard enhances the sculptural quality of the building. The chapel now functions as part of the La Foret Conference and Retreat Center. TICKNOR HALL Erected in 1897-98 and designed by the architectural firm of Douglas and Hetherington, the building was the second women’s dormitory to be built on the campus and continues to serve in that capacity. It is notable for its Colorado red and green dolostone construction and represents Late Victorian residential design adapted to collegiate architecture. Its home-like appearance reflects then popular philosophies of collegiate housing for women. Listed under Historic Resources of Colorado College Multiple Property Submission. UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY, CADET AREA 
A product of the Cold War, the Cadet Area made important contributions to America’s military and architectural heritage. The United States Air Force Academy was created in 1954 to serve as the primary undergraduate educational institution for the newly created service and temporary facilities were established in Denver. In September 1958, following the near completion of the cadet area, the cadets moved to the campus north of Colorado Springs. The Cadet Area ranks among the most significant collection of modernist buildings commissioned by a federal agency during the post-World War II era. Designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, the architectural firm utilized many technological advances developed specifically by the military during the war. The buildings, especially the Chapel, stirred a national debate in Congress, professional journals, and the media. YWCA BUILDING / COLORADO SPRINGS COMPANY Completed in 1913, the five and one-half story red brick building, with a somewhat Mediterranean feel, reflects the eclectic interests of the architect, Nicholas Van den Arend. The Young Women’s Christian Movement did not arrive in Colorado Springs until 1899. A fundraising campaign for this new building began in 1909. The YMCA Building served as a center for social, cultural and humanitarian activities. EllicottDRENNAN SCHOOL 
The circa 1917 schoolhouse and its ancillary buildings provide
physical evidence about the conditions of rural education prevailing
in Colorado well into the mid-twentieth century. Drennan School contained
two classrooms and a stage in which four teachers taught grades one
through twelve until dwindling enrollment forced its closure in 1955.
Like most rural schools, it also served as a focus of community life
hosting a wide variety of social activities. In addition, the building
housed a post office and the switchboard for the first area-wide telephone
system in El Paso County. The community continues to use the building for
various social gatherings. The property is associated with the
Rural
School Buildings in Colorado Multiple Property Submission. (Photograph 2007) FalconDENVER & NEW ORLEANS RAILROAD SEGMENT The Denver and New Orleans Railroad operated over this now abandoned grade between 1881 and 1936. The Denver and New Orleans was the first standard gauge railroad to operate between Denver, Colorado Springs and Pueblo. FountainOLD LIVERY STABLE The stable was built in 1893 as part of a small hotel complex and fell into disuse after the advent of the automobile. A one and a half story building with thick stone walls, its vernacular design reflects utilitarian values. Green Mountain FallsGREEN MOUNTAIN FALLS GAZEBO  The Gazebo stands on a small island in the middle of a man-made lake.
Designed as a scenic attraction for visitors arriving by train and a
complement to a nearby resort hotel, the gazebo was built in about 1888
when the area was being developed as a summer resort. The Gazebo is a
good example of a type of structure popular during the late Victorian
period. Variously called belvederes, pavilions, summer houses and garden
houses, gazebos sprang up across America in the 1880s decorating public
parks and private grounds. Open on all sides, these picturesque constructions
offered rest and repose while promoting a feeling of harmony with nature.
One of the most frequently photographed structures in the Ute Pass area,
it is the signature building for the town. The Gazebo is an easily recognized
visual landmark for the town of Green Mountain Falls and a popular site for
community and private events. Manitou SpringsBARKER HOUSE / NAVAJO APARTMENT Built in the 1870s, the hotel incorporates features found in resort hotels of the late 19th century. The wood frame building rests on a stone foundation. The property is associated with Charles W. Barker, an important Manitou politician. BRIARHURST / WILLIAM A. BELL HOUSE The residence was designed for William A. Bell by the New York and Denver architectural firm of Varian and Sterner. Completed in 1888, the Gothic Revival style building was constructed with native peachblow granite. BRIDGE OVER FOUNTAIN CREEK Reportedly the last bridge by the prolific Pueblo Bridge Company, this 1932 two-ribbed, reinforced concrete, open spandrel deck arch in Fountain Canyon was designed by King Burghardt. It functioned as a significant crossing on the automobile route built along the old Ute Trail. Listed under Highway Bridges in Colorado Multiple Property Submission. CLIFF HOUSE The Cliff House was built in the winter of 1873, with additions constructed during the subsequent thirty years. The large wood frame structure, on a stone foundation, occupies approximately one half acre of a two and one half acre lot in downtown Manitou Springs and includes many Victorian details. CRYSTAL VALLEY CEMETERY This cemetery began operation at its present location during the late 1800s. The approximately twenty acre site includes green stone walls and gate posts with a wrought iron gate. Listed under Manitou Springs Multiple Resource Area. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH Gothic in flavor, the church, completed in 1882 of locally quarried stone, has a two-story tower at the northwest corner. Although evidence is inconclusive, it is thought that the architect was Robert S. Roeschlaub. KEITHLY LOG CABIN DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT The architectural character of the 27 properties within the district reflects the "picturesque" mode popular in the late 19th century. Listed under Manitou Springs Multiple Resource Area. MANITOU BATH HOUSE The circa 1920 bath house, constructed above a mineral springs, is a three-story building with a tower. Its Spanish flavor is reminiscent of the Mission style. MANITOU SPRINGS BRIDGE, CAÑON AVE. In 1906, the city contracted with local masons to construct this semicircular, stone ashlar filled arch bridge to replace an existing timber structure. Listed under Highway Bridges in Colorado Multiple Property Submission. MANITOU SPRINGS BRIDGE, PARK AVE. This 1907 bridge is nearly identical to the Canon Avenue Bridge. Still in service, both are considered excellent examples of rubble arch construction. Listed under Highway Bridges in Colorado Multiple Property Submission. MANITOU SPRINGS HISTORIC DISTRICT The Manitou Springs Historic District, which encompasses almost the entire city limits, is representative of late 19th and early 20th century resort communities. Located five miles from Colorado Springs, it was founded by General William Jackson Palmer of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad. Platted by his Colorado Springs Company in 1876, Manitou Springs retains its winding roads, spa, and many of its grand hotels and residences. Of the approximately 1001 buildings, 752 are considered to be contributing to the district’s significance. From its beginning, the local economy depended almost exclusively on tourism. Listed under Manitou Springs Multiple Resource Area. MANITOU SPRINGS POST OFFICE Constructed in 1940, the building is a well executed interpretation of American Colonial Revival design. The use of stone distinguishes the building from other examples in Colorado and symbolizes the success of local citizens in obtaining authorization for its use. Listed under U.S. Post Offices in Colorado Thematic Resource. MIRAMOUNT/FRANCOLON’S CASTLE Completed in 1897, the castle includes an eclectic mix of Late Victorian architectural styles. Built from memory, by Father Jean Baptiste Francolon, as a replica of the family chateau in France, the walls are of sandstone and granite. For a time, it housed a sanitarium operated by the Sisters of Mercy. During World War II, the interior was divided into apartments for Camp Carson families. In 1975, it was purchased for use as a museum by the Manitou Springs Historical Society. WHEELER BANK This impressive 1888 building constructed for Jerome B. Wheeler, one of the great financiers and mining barons of the late 19th century, reflects the influence of both the Italianate and Romanesque Revival styles. MonumentINEZ JOHNSON LEWIS SCHOOL The original 1920 portion of this two-story brick Mission style building was designed by Colorado Springs architects McLaren and Hetherington. It was one of the first schools constructed in the region for the purpose of consolidating the student population. MONUMENT NURSERY Monument Nursery, on the eastern edge of Pike National Forest, is associated with the evolving management philosophy of the United States Forest Service. From 1907 until 1965, the nursery produced and shipped an average of two million trees annually for planting in National Forests throughout the Rocky Mountain West. The site includes remains of the original 1907-09 headquarters and a Memorial Grove established in 1920. The existing headquarters complex was constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps between 1934 and 1942. PeytonBLACK SQUIRREL CREEK BRIDGE The 226-foot long bridge features a 150-foot long steel rigid connected Parker through truss as its main span. Erected in 1935 by bridge contractors Charles B. Owen and A.S. Horner, the Colorado Department of Highways designed structure fabricated by Minneapolis-Moline Power Implement Company, remains virtually intact as a rare surviving example of a once important long span truss type. Listed under Highway Bridges in Colorado Multiple Property Submission. RamahFIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RAMAH The 1916 Mission style church is a one-story stuccoed building designed by architect George M. Bryson. WidefieldLITTLE FOUNTAIN CREEK BRIDGE The steel multiplate structure fabricated by Thompson Manufacturing Company supports two barrel arches, each spanning 15 feet. Faced with well crafted stonework, including cut stone voussoirs and keystones, the bridge appears as a true stone arch structure. Constructed in 1936, in conjunction with improvements to the highway in a rural area between Colorado Springs and Cañon City, it continues to function as a good example of a bridge built by the Works Progress Administration during the years of the Great Depression. Listed under Highway Bridges in Colorado Multiple Property Submission. |
402 S. Conejos St.
State Register 2/22/2007, 5EP.4497
required exacting skill, as each piece of Bedford limestone was cut in Indiana
to precisely fit a certain location on the building. Master stone carver John Bruce
executed the ornamental work based on designs provided by the sculptor. Robert
Garrison, considered Denver’s first important twentieth-century sculptor, designed
the exterior carvings, including the gargoyles and carved heads. An authority on
design and painting of church interiors, Robert E. Wade planned and painted the
ceilings. Joseph Reynolds, Jr. of the nationally recognized Boston firm of Reynolds,
Francis, and Rohnstock, designed all the stained glass windows. The east wall of the
Morning/Pilgrim Chapel is embedded with ancient stones from buildings in England
important to the Shove family. The property is associated with the